What happens when a judge overseeing a federal case dies during a trial?

When a judge overseeing a federal case dies during a trial, the process allows for continuity in the proceedings through the appointment of a new judge who can take over the case. If the new judge is familiar with the record, which includes understanding the proceedings that have already occurred, they can step in without the need for starting the trial over or dismissing the case. This is critical because it helps to maintain judicial efficiency and minimizes delays in the judicial process, allowing the case to proceed as smoothly as possible despite the unexpected loss of the original judge.

Other options suggest more drastic measures, such as dismissals or starting the trial anew, which would unnecessarily prolong the litigation process and would not reflect how the judicial system is designed to handle such transitions. Judges are trained to manage cases effectively, and the ability for a new judge to assume responsibility mid-trial is an important aspect of maintaining the integrity of the judicial process.